Here, you will find an overview of the regulations, frameworks, and initiatives regarding environmental impacts across all product categories applicable in the US.
Regulations
Organisational level
Federal Supplier Climate Risks and Resilience Proposed Rule
Requires major Federal contractors to publicly disclose their greenhouse gas emissions and climate-related financial risks and set science-based emissions reduction targets
Depending on the significance of the contractor, more information must be disclosed
Federal suppliers impacted by this rule can start moving toward compliance while achieving business wins by taking three actions:
Here, you will find an overview of the regulations, frameworks, and initiatives regarding environmental impacts across all product categories applicable in Japan.
Regulations
Product level
TSQ 0010
General principles for the assessment and labeling of carbon footprint of products
Here, you will find an overview of the regulations, frameworks, and initiatives regarding environmental impacts across all product categories applicable in the European Union.
Regulations
Product level
CBAM | Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
Regulation within the EU Green Deal
It aims to enforce a carbon tax on importers of specific goods, equivalent to the weekly EU-ETS price
Scheduled to take effect in its final form from 2026, with the current transitional phase spanning from 2023 to 2026
Currently relevant for cement, iron and steel, aluminum, fertilizers, electricity, and hydrogen
Determining fair prices for CO2 emissions in the production of certain carbon-intensive goods imported into the EU, aiming to promote cleaner industrial production in non-EU countries
Use digital solutions to reduce product lifecycle impacts and advance EU industrial policy goals for sustainable goods
Introduces new responsibilities and rights for various stakeholders, including manufacturers, importers, distributors, repairers, recyclers, consumers, and regulatory bodies.
sets mandatory green public procurement criteria within the values and principles advocated by the circular economy
Adopted in 03/2020 as one of the main building blocks of the European Green Deal
Targets product design and promotes circular economy practices, promotes sustainable consumption, and strives to minimize waste while maximizing resource retention within the EU economy
Emphasizes sectors with substantial resource usage and significant potential for circularity,
It includes electronics and ICT, batteries and vehicles, packaging, plastics, textiles, construction and buildings, food, water, and nutrients
Implements a combination of legislative and non-legislative measures to achieve its objectives
Directive to empower consumers for the green transition
The DCGT Directive, adopted in February 2024, significantly advances previous EU legislation on green claims by imposing strict limitations on sustainability claims for products, which will substantially affect product advertising.
Implications:
The directive restricts the use of sustainability labels to those based on certification schemes or established by public authorities, effectively banning self-certification.
This aims to empower consumers by ensuring the credibility of green claims.It will be prohibited to display unreliable voluntary sustainability logos.
Additionally, vague environmental claims, such as declaring a product 'green' or 'environmentally friendly' without scientific proof, will be forbidden.
Enhanced Consumer information: The directive ensures consumers receive more harmonized information on product durability and reparability. According to Didier Reynders, Commissioner for Justice, "Empowering consumers for the green transition means giving European citizens the tools to make informed choices and preventing practices such as greenwashing and early obsolescence from being used in the single market."
Scope of application: applies to all non-mandatory sustainability claims made to consumers relating to a product, service, company or brand in any medium and in any form, including brands, product names, and marketing materials
Implementation timeline: The European Council adopted the directive on 20 February 2024, setting 27 September 2026 as the date by which member states must apply the new rules, allowing a two-year transition period for necessary adjustment
Provisional agreement for more sustainable, repairable, and circular products
Regulatory framework established by the EU to promote eco-design principles and integrate environmental considerations into the design of products placed on the EU market
Products complying with ESPR requirements are granted access to the EU market, while non-compliant products may face restrictions or penalties, incentivizing manufacturers to improve their environmental performance
ESPR requires manufacturers to comply with specific eco-design requirements, such as energy efficiency standards, material efficiency targets, recyclability criteria, and the use of environmentally friendly materials and technologies
AGEC | Anti-Gaspillage pour une Économie Circulaire
French law
The goal is to end the marketing of single-use plastic packaging by the year 2040. To achieve this, reduction, reusability, and recycling goals will be established by decree
Next steps:
01.01.2024: Ban on the sale of medical products containing microplastics
01.01.2025: 100% recycling of single-use plastic packaging
31.12.2025: 100% reduction in "unnecessary" single-use plastic packaging
31.12.2025: Reduction of single-use plastic packaging by 20%
01.01.2026: Ban on the sale of rinse-off cosmetic products containing microplastics
01.01.2028: reducing the number of single-use plastic bottles by 50%
EU regulation for companies with more than 500 employees
Encourage transparency and accountability by requiring companies to sustainability reporting at regular intervals and outline their specific policies on them
Companies that are obligated to comply with the NFRD must provide information on both their non-financial disclosures and operations and any third parties that contribute to their supply or value chain
Cover the full range of environmental, social, and governance issues, including climate change, biodiversity and human rights
Take up existing frameworks such as GRI, SASB and TCFD and set new standards for mandatory reporting
Companies will have to disclose how material ESG impacts, risks, and opportunities are identified and managed, including policies, targets, action plans, and others
Comprehensive legislative framework aimed at combating climate change and enhancing societal resilience
Sets ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions across various sectors of the economy
Promotes the transition to renewable energy sources and the implementation of energy efficiency measures
Mandates regular reporting and monitoring of progress towards climate goals, ensuring accountability and transparency in implementation
Next steps:
end of 2024:
Flights are prohibited if there is an alternative by train in less than 2.5 hours (with the exception of flights that are mainly operated by passengers with a connecting flight to a more distant destination)
2025
Create low-emission zones in urban areas with more than 150,000 inhabitants
Rental of the least insulated thermal filters (classification G) prohibited
2028:
Rental of the least insulated thermal filters (classification F) prohibited
Advertising for the most polluting vehicles prohibited
2030:
Ban on the sale of cars that emit more than 95 g CO2/km
20% of the space in large stores (businesses with more than 400 m² of sales area) is reserved for mass sales
PEF is a standardized methodology developed by the European Commission for assessing the environmental impact of products throughout their life cycle.
Category rules (CR) provide specific guidelines for applying the PEF methodology to a particular product category, ensuring consistency and comparability between different assessments within the same product category.
It is aligned with the principles of LCA.
PEF has gained international recognition as a leading methodology for assessing product environmental footprints, with the potential for global adoption and harmonization
Applies to: All companies and sectors, rules are sector-specific (Apparel & footwear, Chemistry based final products, Construction products, Electronics, Food & Beverage products (including products not for human consumption, Energy production and transmission etc.)
Includes a set of 20 criteria covering areas such as sustainability strategy, environmental impact, social responsibility, and corporate governance
Companies that adopt the DNK are required to report on their sustainability performance using a set of standardized indicators that align with these criteria -> make sustainability reporting more transparent, comparable, and credible
A consistent and specific set of rules to calculate the relevant environmental information of the organizations belonging to the sector in scope
Requirements: System boundaries shall include organizational boundaries (direct) and organization environmental footprint boundaries (indirect) --> specification of supply chain stages, all indirect (upstream and downstream) activities
It's essential to keep up with global standards, regulations, and initiatives regarding environmental impacts in the construction sector to adopt sustainable approaches effectively. This overview provides essential information on frameworks, regulations, and initiatives impacting this industry's decision-making and environmental awareness.
Sector-specific regulation
Country: US
BCCA | Buy Clean California Act
California regulation
Beginning July 1, 2022, the awarding authorities will determine GWP limit compliance of eligible materials using EPDs
The BCCA targets carbon emissions associated with the production of structural steel (hot-rolled sections, hollow structural sections, and plate), concrete reinforcing steel, flat glass, and mineral wool board insulation
When used in public works projects, these eligible materials must have a GWP that does not exceed the limit set by DGS
EU standard for Sustainability of construction works
Applicable for construction products, processes, and services
Ensures that all EPDs for construction products, construction services, and construction processes are derived, verified, and presented in a consistent manner
Specifies fundamental PCR in the construction industry
Climate declaration law for buildings in Sweden since 01/2022
The construction sector’s Environmental Tool (BM) was introduced to enable the calculation of the climate impact of buildings and how they can be reduced through changes in materials and production methods
You might feel like you need clarification on the overwhelming number of regulations, proposals, and frameworks for measuring, reporting, and mitigating your environmental impacts. These can range from directives like the European Green Deal to international frameworks addressing carbon accounting and eco-labeling.
Understanding these standards is essential for businesses that meet compliance requirements and promote sustainable practices globally.
Let's dive into them and uncover the wide range of frameworks, regulations, and initiatives that impact decision-making and environmental awareness across all sectors.
Here, we provide a list of the regulations and frameworks.
Let's learn about the most pressing regulations and, as a next step, examine the frameworks that can be used as the background methodology.
As the last piece, we introduced some initiatives that can be beneficial for working with your peers collectively.
EU law, replacing NFRD by establishing more concrete reporting guidelines
It includes SMEs and non-EU companies if they generate over EUR 150 million on the EU market.
Companies will have to transparently disclose the impacts they may cause on climate in a detailed way
Implies the mandatory measurement of GHG emissions (Scope 1-3) and the provision of a full environmental footprint of the company, including various impact categories.
Reports must be according to European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS)
TCFD | Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures
Disbanded in 2023
Enhance and improve the disclosure of financial information related to climate change
Guidelines crafted to aid companies in comprehending and addressing the financial risks and opportunities linked with climate change while providing investors with necessary information for informed investment choices
It provides a framework for conducting life cycle assessments (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impacts of products and services.
It requires a clear definition of the goal and scope of the LCA study, including the functional unit, system boundaries, and impact categories to be assessed.
Involves compiling an inventory of inputs (e.g., materials, energy) and outputs (e.g., emissions, waste) associated with each product's life cycle stage.
It evaluates the potential environmental impacts of the inventory data, considering factors such as resource depletion, global warming potential, and human health effects.
It is applicable to various sectors and industries, enabling organizations to assess and improve the environmental performance of their products and processes.
It involves interpreting the LCA study's results and considering uncertainties, limitations, and sensitivity analyses to ensure robust decision-making.
Greenhouse Gases Protocol (Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard)
International standard
Provides guidelines for quantifying and reporting greenhouse gas emissions associated with the life cycle of products
It covers emissions from all stages of a product's life cycle (raw material extraction, production, distribution, use, and end-of-life disposal or recycling) and separates them into different Scopes (1-3)
It is based on LCA principles, requiring the use of consistent methodologies and data sources for conducting emissions assessments across different product categories
ISO 59040 provides a comprehensive methodology for implementing, operating, monitoring, reviewing, and maintaining a Product Circularity Data Sheet (PCDS) when acquiring or supplying products. It is designed for any organization aiming to adopt circular economy-based practices in their supplier or acquirer relationships.
General methodology: Offers a general methodology for implementing and maintaining a PCDS, ensuring consistent practices across organizations and sectors.
Improved communication: Provides standardized information that can be easily shared by manufacturers across every sector, improving the efficiency of circularity data sharing. This facilitates a mutual understanding of the PCDS approach and associated needs and expectations by offering guidance and requirements for exchanging product information that supports the circular economy.
Established framework: for reporting and exchanging information about the circular economy aspects of products when supplying or acquiring them. This framework helps encourage improved product circularity performance.
3 tier system based on picking list:
Minimum Set of Circular Statements: Essential statements required to establish a solid base.
Additional Optional Statements: Statements that can be made required based on specific needs.
Free Form Addition: Allows for supplemental information linked to a statement or additional information.
It is a widely used accounting tool developed by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD).
It provides a framework for businesses and governments to measure, manage, and report greenhouse gas emissions.
The GHG Protocol categorizes greenhouse gas emissions into three scopes:
Scope 1: Direct emissions from sources owned or controlled by the reporting entity, such as emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels in owned vehicles or facilities.
Scope 2: Indirect emissions associated with generating purchased electricity, heat, or steam consumed by the reporting entity.
Scope 3: Indirect emissions that result from the reporting entity's activities but originate from sources not owned or controlled by the entity. This includes emissions from business travel, employee commuting, upstream and downstream supply chain activities, and waste disposal.
Specifies the principles and procedures for developing Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs), which are Type III environmental declarations.
EPDs provide standardized and transparent information on products' environmental performance, facilitating comparisons between products in the market.
EPDs are developed based on Product Category Rules (PCR), which define the specific requirements and methodologies for conducting LCAs and preparing EPDs within a particular product category.
Aims to harmonize EPD development and reporting globally, promoting consistency and facilitating international trade by ensuring EPDs are developed according to standardized procedures.
EPDs may be required by legislation or voluntary initiatives, and they can also help companies meet market demands for transparency and sustainability.
PACT takes a holistic approach to sustainability assessment, considering economic, environmental, and social impacts across the entire life cycle of products and services
Encourages stakeholder engagement throughout the assessment process, allowing for the incorporation of diverse perspectives and priorities into sustainability decision-making
Aims to drive ambitious corporate climate action by providing a framework for setting science-based targets (SBTs) aligned with the goals of the Paris Agreement
Collaboration between CDP (formerly the Carbon Disclosure Project), the United Nations Global Compact, the World Resources Institute (WRI), and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), supported by a broader group of stakeholders
SBTi provides criteria and guidelines for companies to set SBTs that are in line with the latest climate science, ensuring that emissions reduction targets are sufficiently ambitious and contribute to global climate goals
Promotes transparency and accountability in corporate climate action by publicly disclosing validated targets and progress reports, enabling stakeholders to track companies' emissions reduction efforts over time
A non-profit organization committed to establishing and enforcing industry-specific standards aimed at assisting companies in disclosing financially relevant sustainability information to investors and other financial stakeholders.
Serve as an ESG framework and identify sustainability issues
International non-profit organization that aims to drive companies and governments to disclose their environmental impacts
CDP collects environmental data from thousands of companies worldwide through annual disclosure requests, encouraging transparency and accountability in environmental reporting
Guides companies on how to measure, report, and manage their environmental impacts
Evaluate companies and cities by assessing the information they provide during the annual reporting process, scoring them according to their progress in disclosure and their strides toward environmental leadership
UN Guidelines for Providing Product Sustainability Information
Helps companies to provide accurate and credible sustainability information about their products
Developed by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the International Trade Centre (ITC) in collaboration with stakeholders from governments, industry, academia, and civil society
Aim to empower consumers to make informed purchasing decisions by providing clear, understandable, and easily accessible product sustainability information, enabling them to choose products aligned with their values and preferences
Corporate sustainability initiative that calls companies to adopt sustainable and socially responsible policies regarding ESGs
24219 participants in 167 countries
Companies can join the compact and thereby commit to integrating principles into their corporate strategies. It provides support and guidance and is not legally binding, just voluntary
ISO 59004 is the first standard to provide an international definition of the circular economy and identifies six complementary and interconnected principles: systems thinking, value creation, value sharing, resource management, resource tracking, and ecosystem resilience.
International definition: Establishes a global definition of the circular economy, creating a unified understanding and framework.
Six Principles:
Systems Thinking: Understanding the interdependencies within the circular economy.
Value Creation: Generating sustainable value through circular practices.
Value Sharing: Equitably distributing value among all stakeholders.
Resource Management: Efficient use and reuse of resources.
Resource Tracking: Monitoring resource flow to ensure circularity.
Ecosystem Resilience: Enhancing the ability to withstand environmental, social, and economic shocks.
Guidance for implementation:
Provides practical guidance for implementing circular economy principles and defines key terminology to ensure clarity and consistency.
Offers actionable steps towards achieving sustainability goals, making the transition to a circular economy more manageable.
Benefits of Adopting ISO 59004:
Sustainable Solutions: Enables the delivery of more sustainable and ambitious solutions.
Stakeholder Relationships: Improves relationships with stakeholders by promoting transparency and collaboration.
Fulfillment of Obligations: Facilitates the effective and efficient fulfillment of voluntary and legal obligations.
Climate Change Mitigation: Contributes to efforts in mitigating and adapting to climate change.
Resilience: Increases resilience against resource scarcity and other environmental, social, and economic risks.
The Product Circularity Data Sheet (PCDS) is an initiative launched by Luxembourg’s Ministry of Economy in collaboration with 50 companies. It aims to standardize data on the circular aspects of products, raising awareness and providing reliable information about a product's circular life. It helps businesses to build circular business models + reduce virgin material consumption by providing data on product level circularity info, e.g. recycled content, repairability, harmful chemicals, etc.
aims to facilitate circular business models by supplying manufacturers with standardized format for communication between suppliers and manufacturers, machine readable, open code and auditable
Establishes a standard data source for all stakeholders to assess the circularity of a product, enhancing the transparency and reliability of circular economy data.
Sets up an audit system based on the data produced, ensuring the credibility of the information through a three-fold system:
Data Template: Contains standardized and trustworthy statements on product circularity.
Third-Party Verification: Validates the content of the PCDS through an independent verification process.
Standardized Data Exchange Protocol: Uses decentralized data storage to facilitate secure and efficient data exchange.
Benefit: Open Data and open source: The PCDS serves as an official standard for communicating data on the circular economy properties of products, described as follows:
Ensures accessibility of PCDS data to all relevant stakeholders, including platforms, suppliers, customers, and third-party verifiers.
Facilitates efficient data exchange throughout the supply chain.
Maintains the integrity of the data through a decentralized solution.
In today's regulatory landscape, the significance of LCA cannot be overstated. It plays a crucial role in navigating through emerging regulations, especially under the European Green Deal, such as the Ecodesign Directive, the Green Claims Directive, ECGT, PEFCR, and the French Environmental Labelling Initiative as part of the AGEC law, to name a few.
The surge in 'green claims'—companies promotign their products as eco-friendly or sustainable— needs tangible evidence to support these assertions, particularly in light of regulations such as the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive (UCPD).
Additionally, if LCA is used at scale, it could be the most granular tool for Scope 3 carbon accounting. The CSRD is making it increasingly relevant, and it is integral to mechanisms such as the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), among others.
Navigating the different regulations and standards to comply with takes time and effort. This is why we provide an overview of the most relevant ones based on your sector.
Chemical Industry
Sector-specific Framework
TfS - Together for Sustainability
International Framework
An initiative of 37 companies of the chemical industry that published open source guidelines for calculating PCFs, aiming to solve Scope 3.1 (purchased good) accounting problem
Developed a comprehensive assessment framework, known as the Supplier Engagement Program (SEP), to evaluate and monitor the sustainability performance of suppliers.
TfS promotes data sharing and transparency among members and suppliers, facilitating the exchange of sustainability-related information, best practices, and performance benchmarks
In the textile industry, staying on top of international frameworks, regulations, and initiatives linked to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is key to embracing eco-friendly practices. This detailed overview explores the complex world of LCA in the textile industry, providing valuable insights into the various standards, rules, and projects that influence how sustainability is approached, and decisions are made.
From 2027: AE mandatory for furniture and cosmetics
The French environmental labeling system is often viewed as the prototype that will guide the implementation of the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF).
Currently tested environmental representation informs consumers about the environmental impacts of products or services.
It follows a grading system such as A-B-C-D-E, a score out of 100 with potential thematic sub-scores (e.g., climate, biodiversity, resources), or an "environmental cost index," visibly presented on products or services, on shelves, or online
It is calculated over the entire product or service lifecycle according to a validated reference system.
As sustainability takes center stage in the furniture industry, understanding global standards, regulations, and initiatives related to environmental impact is crucial. Just as we've seen with the rise of eco-friendly materials and production methods, knowing the ins and outs of LCA is essential.
This overview examines how LCA influences sustainability efforts in the furniture sector, focusing on its impact on decisions regarding materials sourcing, manufacturing processes, and product design.
Sector-specific Regulation
Country: France
Affichage Environmental (Environmental labeling)
Not yet in effect.
From 2024: AE voluntary for textiles and food
From 2025: AE mandatory for textiles and food
From 2027: AE mandatory for furniture and cosmetics
The French environmental labeling system is often viewed as the prototype that will guide the implementation of the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF).
Currently tested environmental representation informs consumers about the environmental impacts of products or services.
It forms a grading system such as A-B-C-D-E, a score out of 100 with potential thematic sub-scores (e.g., climate, biodiversity, resources), or an "environmental cost index," visibly presented on products or services on shelves or online
It is calculated over the entire product or service lifecycle according to a validated reference system.
Here, you will find an overview of the regulations, frameworks, and initiatives regarding environmental impacts across all product categories applicable in the UK.
Regulations
Product level
Green Claims Code
UK regulation similar to EU Green Claims Directive
Set of guidelines to provide businesses with clear advice on how to make accurate and truthful environmental claims and prevent misleading or deceptive green marketing practices in their advertising and marketing
Provides clarity on what constitutes a valid green claim and the substantiation required to support it
Covers various aspects of environmental impact, including energy efficiency, carbon footprint, resource conservation, and waste reduction
The GCC is based on six overarching principles. Environmental claims must:
Be truthful and accurate
Be clear and unambiguous
Not omit or hide important information
Be substantiated,
Consider the product or service's entire life cycle, and
Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2023
UK regulation
The Consumer Protection Regulations make it unlawful for a business to engage in "unfair commercial practices."
The term is defined broadly but includes making misleading statements about a product or service (including by omitting material information) if it is likely to affect consumers’ purchasing decisions.
Led by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Race to Zero campaign
It aims to reduce carbon emissions to a small amount of residual emissions that can be absorbed and durably stored by nature and other carbon dioxide removal measures, leaving zero in the atmosphere.
Setting science-based targets to reduce their emissions, investing in renewable energy and energy efficiency, and collaborating to develop innovative solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
An international non-profit organization consisting of procurement professionals, academics, and practitioners
A network was established to mobilize efforts toward responsible decision-making and the promotion of sustainable supply chains
Aimed at raising awareness and enhancing understanding of responsible sourcing practices while empowering individuals within the procurement sector
Shares frameworks, tools, best practice guidelines, and knowledge to facilitate the transition towards responsible and sustainable procurement practices
Peer-to-peer learning forum bringing together 100+ climate experts developing solutions to achieve value chain emission reductions and removals
Provides guidelines and tools for credibly quantifying, verifying, allocating, and claiming Scope 3 emissions to tackle the complexity of accounting emissions across the value chain
Focuses on Scope 3 emission accounting guidance in line with renowned frameworks such as GHG Protocol and Science-Based Targ
Global partnership of information and communication technology (ICT) companies and stakeholders
Leading source of information, resources, and best practices for achieving integrated social and environmental sustainability through digital technologies.
It aims to reduce the carbon footprint in the ICT sector and realize opportunities for emission reductions in other sectors that use ICT.
GeSI initiated the development of the Sustainable Assessment Framework (SASF) that implements tools for accounting sustainability performance in ICT products and services
It aims to minimize greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainable resource management.
Works to mitigate environmental impacts associated with waste generation and disposal
Collaborates with businesses, governments, and communities to develop strategies for reducing carbon footprint and enhancing environmental sustainability
Provides guidance and support to businesses and consumers to adopt more environmentally friendly practices
Hair Wash, Hair Treat, Body Wash, Face Moisturize & Treat
A science-based approach that allows for meaningful differentiation between products to allow consumers to make more Environmentally informed choices
Aims to compile all the methodological principles associated with the Consortium’s framework, including the environmental footprinting and scoring methodological choices as well as the rationale associated to those choices, in order to enable the cosmetic industry stakeholders to review and comment.
Methodological choices still remain flexible in this first version of the Tool development phase
Life cycle scope: cradle to grave
To compare the variety of products, The Consortium has decided to measure and communicate the footprint per use dose (functional unit = 1 dose)
With the growing emphasis on sustainability in the food and agriculture sector, understanding global standards, regulations, and initiatives related to environmental impact has become increasingly vital. In this overview, you'll find everything you need to know about what companies must do and the sustainability frameworks and initiatives available in this industry.
Sector-specific regulation
Country: France
Affichage Environmental (Environmental labeling)
From 2024: AE voluntary for textiles and food
From 2025: AE mandatory for textiles and food
From 2027: AE mandatory for furniture and cosmetics
The French environmental labeling system is often viewed as the prototype that will guide the implementation of the Product Environmental Footprint (PEF).
Currently tested environmental representation informs consumers about the environmental impacts of products or services.
It forms a grading system as A-B-C-D-E, a score out of 100 with potential thematic sub-scores (e.g., climate, biodiversity, resources), or an "environmental cost index," visibly presented on products or services on shelves or online
It is calculated over the entire product or service lifecycle according to a validated reference system.
Organisational level for measurement and reporting
FLAG | Forest, Land and Agriculture
Framework for companies in land-intensive sectors to set science-based targets that include land-based emission reductions and removals
Common, robust, science-based understanding of how much and how quickly a company needs to cut its land-related emissions in line with the Paris Agreement’s goal to limit global warming to 1.5°C
